02. Understanding the DoD Risk Management Framework (RMF)

Introduction to the DoD RMF

1. What is the RMF?
   
   • The Risk Management Framework (RMF) is the Department of Defense’s (DoD) structured approach for managing and reducing risks associated with IT systems.
   • It replaces the previous DIACAP process, focusing on a consistent, enterprise-wide risk management method.
2. Objectives of the RMF:
   
   • Governance and Oversight: Ensures all cybersecurity policies are followed.
   • Risk-Based Decision Making: Supports informed decisions on managing cybersecurity risks at all organizational levels.
   • Continuous Improvement: Encourages ongoing assessment and enhancement of cybersecurity measures.

Transition from DIACAP to RMF

1. Shift in Approach:
   
   • Transition from compliance-focused (DIACAP) to risk-based decision-making (RMF).
   • Focus on protecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information.
2. Key Changes:
   
   • Security Objectives: Emphasizes CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability).
   • Guidelines and Terms: Uses standards like NIST SP 800-53.
   • Lifecycle Management: Continuous monitoring and updating of security throughout the IT system’s lifecycle.

RMF Governance Structure

1. Tiered Governance Model:
   
   • Tier 1 - Organization Level:
     
     • Strategic oversight and guidance.
     • Key Roles: DoD Chief Information Officer (CIO) and Senior Information Security Officer (SISO).
   • Tier 2 - Mission/Business Processes Level:
     
     • Addresses mission-specific risks.
     • Key Roles: Principal Authorizing Official (PAO), DoD Component CIO.
   • Tier 3 - Information Systems Level:
     
     • System-level risk management.
     • Key Roles: Authorizing Official (AO), System Cybersecurity Program Managers, Information System Security Officers (ISSOs).

Key Concepts in DoD RMF

1. Applicability:
   
   • RMF applies to all DoD-owned or controlled IT systems, including special access programs, R&D IT, and contractor IT systems.
2. DoD Information Technology Categories:
   
   • Information Systems (ISs): Major applications and enclaves.
   • Platform IT (PIT): Systems like weapon systems, medical devices, and industrial control systems.
   • IT Services and Products: Software, hardware, and services provided internally or externally.
3. Security Controls:
   
   • Based on NIST SP 800-53 and CNSSI 1253.
   • Controls tailored according to CIA requirements.

RMF Knowledge Service

1. Purpose:
   
   • Web-based resource for RMF implementation guidance, templates, and best practices.
   • Collaboration space for cybersecurity professionals across the DoD.

Key Steps in the RMF Process

1. Step 1: Categorize System
   
   • Categorize all DoD information systems (ISs) based on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
   • Document categorization in the Security Plan using CNSSI 1253 guidance.
2. Step 2: Select Security Controls
   
   • Choose security controls from NIST SP 800-53 based on system categorization.
   • Tailor controls as needed for specific security needs.
3. Step 3: Implement Security Controls
   
   • Deploy controls as per the cybersecurity architecture.
   • Document implementation in the Security Plan.
4. Step 4: Assess Security Controls
   
   • Evaluate the effectiveness of the controls.
   • Document findings in the Security Assessment Report (SAR).
5. Step 5: Authorize System
   
   • Authorizing Official (AO) reviews SAR.
   • Decide if the system can operate or requires remediation based on risk.
6. Step 6: Monitor Security Controls
   
   • Continuously monitor and update the Security Plan.
   • Ensure security posture remains effective through regular assessments.

Supporting Tools and Resources

1. Control Overlays and Policy Comparisons:
   
   • RMF Knowledge Service offers tools to apply overlays and compare policies to align with system requirements.
2. Advanced Policy Search:
   
   • Facilitates finding specific policy information to ensure alignment with DoD requirements.

Understanding System Categorization

1. CNSSI 1253 System Categorization:
   
   • Risk-based approach to determine security requirements for National Security Systems (NSS) and non-NSS.
   • Considers impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.